Global economics - Economics Online

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Global economics

A collection of 178 posts

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Global economics

How IR35 has reshaped the economics of the UK contracting market

IR35 has affected UK contractors for more than 25 years, but the biggest change came when the government shifted responsibility for status decisions away from contractors and onto clients. The public sector reforms took effect in 2017, followed by the private sector in 2021. Since then, medium and large organisations

Rows of industrial electrical switchgear cabinets lining a data center aisle.

Business economics

The Economics of Data Sovereignty and Trade Barriers

International trade theory was developed around the movement of physical goods, with tariffs, quotas, and other TBTs affecting producer surplus, consumer welfare, and market resource allocation. With the advent of digital trade, however, data now plays a dominant role in cross-border trade in products and services and will continue to

A row of cars parked nose-out on a dealership forecourt, photographed low along the front bumpers

Business economics

7 Best Auto Finance Software for Lenders in 2026

Auto finance is a different world from commercial and consumer lending: dealers, vehicles and financing terms that change depending on whether the deal is direct or indirect. This complexity explains the high demand for auto loan management software, which automates key stages of the lending lifecycle. With the auto loan

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Global economics

The Harrod-Domar Model Explained: Capital Accumulation and Economic Growth

The Harrod-Domar Model and capital accumulation are important concepts in growth theory. Developed separately by Roy Harrod (1939) and Evsey Domar (1946), the Harrod-Domar model explains economic growth through the relationship between an economy’s savings rate and its capital-output ratio. Its simple formula makes it useful for introducing students

Shared bicycles parked in a row on a city street

Global economics

Sharing Economy: Current Trends You Probably Do Not Know

The sharing or peer economy is not a new concept, but it has survived the test of time. It has also shifted and transformed, with its potential increasing significantly each year. Yet, most people still potentially associate the sharing economy with ride-sharing applications, which, as it turns out, is only

Electricity transmission tower against a sunset sky, representing power grid capacity

Global economics

The Economics of Idle Capacity: Why Paying for What You Don't Use Can Be Rational

In a typical market economy, transactions usually occur when one party has exchanged money for an actual product/service. However, considerable amounts of capital are spent on infrastructure, including but not limited to telecommunications (telecoms), health care and defence, where capital is invested for the opportunity to receive something in

Stock Charts with green, pink, yellow, and green lines against a black background during a live trading session

Competitive markets

Where Does Price Discovery Start in Index Markets

As with everything in life, determining a set price for any asset being exchanged is important to both buyers and sellers, and index markets are no exception. Here, involved parties go through a process called price discovery, which is extremely nuanced. Because price discovery is influenced by a number of

A pile of cash of various amounts with currencies from all over the world including US Dollar, and Myanmar Kyats among other currencies.xican Pesos, Korean Won, Kyats

Global economics

The Economics of Currency Markets and International Remittances

International remittances are a very large element of the global economy. Each year millions of migrant workers and expatriates send money home, which in turn is used for food, education, health care, and local business. Although from users’ point of view this is an easy process, behind the scenes it

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Innovation & Technology

Creative Destruction: How Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Business Formation Drive Economic Growth

Entrepreneurship, innovation and the formation of companies are key drivers of economic growth. Economic growth cannot be attributed solely to increases in labour force size, investment, or consumption. The principle of creative destruction, developed by Joseph Schumpeter, explains how businesses, technologies, and ideas replace older systems, improve productivity, and reshape

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Global economics

The Pension Calculation Limited Company Directors Can No Longer Treat as Routine

The retirement calculation sitting inside the company accounts For the UK’s limited company directors, from contractors and IT consultants to family business owners and professional services firms, pension planning now sits at the intersection of business economics and personal finance. Many directors still think about retirement saving in the

Singapore skyline at dusk. The lights of skyscrapers are glowing and reflecting on the water, while the sun sets behind the buildings.

Business economics

Transaction Cost Economics and Company Registration in Singapore: Why Institutions Matter

The concept of transaction costs, which was introduced by Ronald Coase, has had a significant impact on the development of modern economics. Transaction costs, which include searching for information, negotiating contracts, complying with regulations, and enforcing agreements, encompass all costs incurred by an economic actor when exchanging goods, services, or

Used plastic bottles in a metal crate for recycling

Business economics

The Market for Sustainable Goods: Pigouvian Taxation, Plastics and Waste

The Market for Sustainable Goods: Pigouvian Taxation, Plastics and Waste A consumer who opts for a reusable water bottle instead of a single-use plastic cup is participating in something economists find genuinely interesting. They would describe it as a spontaneous, decentralised correction of a market failure. The market failure, as

Black Thursday

Thursday, October 24, 1929, is a notorious day in the history of the stock market and is known as Black Thursday.

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Global economics

Global Trade in the Age of Deglobalization - Is the World Turning Inward?

Deglobalization, marked by protectionist policies and local solutions, contrasts with the benefits of global trade, impacting efficiency and consumer costs.

Image of an oil rig in the water

Theory of Absolute Advantage

A country has an absolute advantage in the production of that good, which it can produce in greater quantity than another country.

Dollar bills with sharpie markers written on them.

Expansionary Monetary Policy

Expansionary monetary policy refers to the decrease in interest rates and increase in money supply to boost aggregate demand in an economy.

The Shift to Electric Vehicles: Europe’s Strategic Challenges and Opportunities

Global economics

The Shift to Electric Vehicles: Europe’s Strategic Challenges and Opportunities

Europe must invest in EV batteries, raw material refining, recycling, and supply chains to cut reliance on China, meet surging lithium demand, and achieve 2035 energy and emissions targets while fostering local industry and circular economy practices.

Saudi Arabia’s Strategic Pursuit of Mineral Resources and Regional Influence

Global economics

Saudi Arabia’s Strategic Pursuit of Mineral Resources and Regional Influence

Saudi Arabia aims to become a global leader in metals, diversifying its economy.

Introduction to BRICS+: Economic and Political Evolution

Global economics

Introduction to BRICS+: Economic and Political Evolution

BRICS+ expands influence in energy, metals, and food, posing global shifts.

Evaluating the France Très Haut Débit Plan: Achievements, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Global economics

Evaluating the France Très Haut Débit Plan: Achievements, Challenges, and Future Prospects

France’s broadband plan achieved near-total coverage, creating 40,000 jobs and boosting fiber adoption, but challenges remain in ensuring long-term network quality, maintenance, technological upgrades, and resilience against climate and cyber risks.

Picture of the eurozone statue, partial.

Global economics

Diverging Inflation Dynamics: A Comparative Analysis of the Eurozone and the United States

Eurozone inflation persists due to high wage growth, severe labor shortages, underinvestment in equipment, rising corporate profit margins, stagnant productivity, limited labor supply, strong demand, and less restrictive monetary policy compared to the U.S., making reductions unlikely by 2024.

Mountain with windmills and ocean.

Global economics

The Evolution and Challenges of the Circular Economy: From Utopia to Reality

The circular economy promotes eco-design, product longevity, recycling, and reduced resource use but faces limits from material degradation, resource constraints, and logistical challenges, requiring strong policies and business shifts.

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Global economics

Transition Risk: Navigating the Financial Implications of Climate Mitigation Strategies

Transition risk links climate action to economic shifts, with sectors like fossil fuels hit hardest. Strong regulation, transparency, stress tests, and long-term planning are vital to mitigate financial instability and ensure a sustainable low-carbon transition.

Global economics

The Emergence and Potential of Zero-Knowledge Proofs in Blockchain Technology

Zero-knowledge proofs improve blockchain privacy, scalability, and efficiency by verifying data or computations without revealing details, leveraging protocols like zk-SNARKs and zk-STARKs to address key issues like transaction privacy, quantum resilience, and off-chain scalability.

Image of a warehouse well ordered and neat.

Business economics

Modular Capital and the Fragmentation of Industrial Demand: Economies of Scale vs. Economies of Scope

Modular industrial equipment shifts scale from bulk buyers to aggregated micro-demand, lowering entry barriers and enabling global micro-factories.